Check out this great article exploring key lessons from past disaster responses and the need to not only learn but institutionalize these lessons so we don’t continue to make the same mistakes during our next emergency or incident.    “Lessons We Don’t Learn: A Study of the Lessons of Disasters, Why We Repeat Them, and How We Can Learn Them”.   Authors Amy Donahue and Robert Tuohy published this work in ”Homeland Security Affairs’  the journal of the NPS Center for Homeland Defense and Security, Article 4 (July 2006). https://www.hsaj.org/articles/167

ABSTRACT: Emergency responders intervene before and during disasters to save lives and property. The uncertainty and infrequency of disasters make it hard for responders to validate that their response strategies will be effective, however. As a result, emergency response organizations use processes for identifying and disseminating lessons in hopes that they and others will be able to learn from past experience and improve future responses. But the term “lessons learned” may be a misnomer. Anecdotal evidence suggests mistakes are repeated incident after incident. It appears that while identifying lessons is relatively straightforward, true learning is much harder – lessons tend to be isolated and perishable, rather than generalized and institutionalized. That we see problems persist is a serious concern; as emergency response missions expand to include broader homeland security responsibilities, the ability to capitalize on experience is ever more important. This article reports the results of a qualitative study of both the lessons themselves and the efficacy of the processes by which responders hope to learn them.s.

 

Communications or Emergency Managers we may be called on to provide communication solutions for staff using PPE during an emergency incident.  In August 2019, DHS Science and Technology Directorate’s (S&T) National Urban Science and Technology Laboratory (NUSTL) conducted a System Assessment and Validation for Emergency Responders (SAVER) field assessment, supported by the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), at the City of Seattle Joint Training Facility in Seattle, Washington. This event evaluated communications equipment for use in PPE.

When responders to communicate with each other during an emergency scenario where PPE must be worn, is through the use of in-suit communications (ISC) equipment – radio accessories that enable them to communicate effectively without relying on just using a radio (which can be difficult or impossible to use in some PPE). ISC equipment are extensions of responders’ portable two-way radios and typically consist of microphones, headsets, earpieces, and activation accessories such as push-to-talk devices or hands-free voice-operated exchange. However, each of these tools has different strengths and weaknesses which must be carefully considered by responders before they use this equipment in the field.

 

See the complete article at the Department of Homeland Security’s website  https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/news/2019/10/03/snapshot-st-assesses-suit-communications-equipment

If your organization is getting serious about figuring out how to continue providing cellular or data service during a disaster this solution from General Dynamics Mission Systems and PodRunner are solutions you may want to consider.  The FirstRunner system is a versatile, deployable LTE tower that is designed to be set up quickly–even in locations that other deployable solutions might not be able to access.

This system could fill the gap while you wait for FEMA and the network carriers to deploy their COLT’s and COW’s to provide emergency cell service.  This may also be a solution for use in areas where these larger systems may not be deployed or for rural hospitals that may be not considered a candidate for deployment of these scarce resources.

Check out the video on the UrgentComm website showing how easy the cellular system is to deploy and a quick overview of the equipment.

https://urgentcomm.com/2019/04/03/firstrunner-mark-raczynski-tim-oconnell-demonstrate-quick-setup-of-versatile-deployable-solution/

 If you are interested in this type of solution see the PUSHECS page “Compact Rapid Deployables” page.

If you only need to provide service for a small area such as your command center or ED you may also consider suit case deployables.  FirstNet and Sonim have developed a solution, see the PUSHECS “FirstNet Suitcase Deployables” page for more information.

How many of your emergency plans rely on the POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) line for emergency communications when primary phone circuits fail. Read this interesting article on the current and future health of this system which has been a key part of our communication systems for years, “American Phone Companies Are Literally Letting Their Networks Fall Apart

https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/wj3v5n/american-phone-companies-are-literally-letting-their-networks-fall-apart

Three years after an alarming report made national headlines, locals are quietly preparing for disaster.  Due to the area’s isolation, Vashon Island residents have adopted a self-reliant mindset that has positioned the small community as a national model for disaster preparedness.

In June 2017 CMS published an interpretative guide for the Final Rule (81 FR 63860, Sept. 16, 2016) (Federal Register Vol. 81, No. 180).  which establishes national emergency preparedness requirements for participating providers and certified suppliers to plan adequately for both natural and man-made disasters.

The interpretative guide is available at https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertificationGenInfo/Downloads/Survey-and-Cert-Letter-17-29.pdf

Part of this rule specifically requires planning for “Interruptions in communication”  and how healthcare organizations will “coordinate with other healthcare facilities, as well as the whole community during an emergency or disaster”.

Many healthcare organizations also required to create “policies and procedures to outline primary and alternate means for communication with external sources for assistance. For instance, primary methods may be considered via regular telephone services to contact transportation companies for evacuation or reporting evacuation needs to emergency officials; whereas alternate means account for the loss of power or telephone services in the local area. In this event, alternate means may include satellite phones for contacting evacuation assistance”.

News coming out of the Florida panhandle highlights how important communications are in responding to disasters and how fragile some of the communication systems we take for granted can be in the face of widespread destruction.

Florida’s Governor Rick Scott said “One of the most frustrating problems is telecommunications,… the region’s communication systems, which at times have been in a near-total blackout since the storm hit, have “got to get up because many people don’t know where food and water” distribution sites are”….“Now, after clearing the roads, communications are the first priority and power. We have an unbelievable problem in Bay County — Verizon is down and AT&T is up, but the county services are on Verizon. In other places, Verizon is up and AT&T is down.” wp

The widespread outages affected a large area and have been service restoration has been slow.

“A week after the storm made landfall, nearly half—47% as of 11 a.m. on Thursday—of cell sites in Bay County, Fla., remained out of service, according to the FCC. That is a slower recovery than many recent major storms other than Maria, which devastated Puerto Rico last year and left many residents without cellphone service for months.” Wjs

Verizon has blamed the slow response to a large amount of fiber and equipment damage and the ongoing issues of additional damage as emergency responders’ clear debris with heavy equipment doing additional damage to temporary fiber laid to restore services.

The problems highlight issues that the Puget Sound area would probably suffer in the event of an earthquake or other disaster that causes region-wide damage.  As we come to rely on cellular and data services for more and more communications, we also need to plan for disruption of those services and the possibility of the disruption lasting for days or weeks.  Alternate means of communications such as satellite phones and radio systems that do not rely on a local infrastructure may play a critical function in the initial days of a disaster until vendors and government can work to restore critical communication systems.

 

 

“As Hurricane Michael recovery begins, telecommunications, electrical power still an issue in Florida Panhandle”

By Patricia Sullivan October 14, 2018  The Washington Post

https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/as-hurricane-michael-recovery-begins-telecommunications-electrical-power-still-an-issue-in-florida-panhandle/2018/10/14/38f1f926-cffb-11e8-8c22-fa2ef74bd6d6_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.7663e4c3a4c2

 

“Signal Search: Cellphone Service After Major Hurricanes”

By  Sarah Krouse  Oct. 18, 2018  Wall Street Journal

https://www.wsj.com/articles/signal-search-cellphone-service-after-major-hurricanes-1539877736

 

“Verizon Fiber Suffered “Unprecedented” Damage From Hurricane Michael”

By JON BRODKIN  10/15/2018    ARS Technica

https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2018/10/verizon-fiber-suffered-unprecedented-damage-from-hurricane-michael/

                                                                                                                                         

Check out this 2016 radio program from Seattle’s KUOW radio station about our Puget Sound HAM Radio Operators and their contribution to emergency communications in the area.  The article includes a link to a Podcast if you would like to listen to the program.

Ham radio operators could be superheroes when the earthquake hits

JAMALA HENDERSON    June 6, 2016

  JUN 6, 2016

http://archive.kuow.org/post/ham-radio-operators-could-be-superheroes-when-earthquake-hits

KIRO7 News recently ran a story about the Renton Fire Department moving to FirstNet to provide cell service for their front-line rigs.  The article mentioned Verizon’s recent issues with throttling data services for Fire Fighters in California but also pointed out later in the article that the Fire Department made this move before that issue hit the news.

It is interesting to see how important cellular service has become for Emergency Responders even as the standard public cell network has not been designed around the high availability needs of the emergency response community.

See the article and video here:

KIRO 7 Article – Local Fire Depts moving to FirstNet

PUSH ECS recently had a representative from FirstNet speak at our quarterly meeting check here for a copy of the slide presentation for more information:

https://1drv.ms/b/s!AkE9_WfNCqUlgi8mQIg3i_kgjUTh